Fish gentic and reprodution - Final countdown solution

Fish genetics and reprodution - Final countdown solution

1. Replication model in which each strand of DNA serves as a template for making exact copies. This model of replication, called__________

1. 1. Conservative replication

2. 2. Dispersive replication

3. 3. Semi-conservative replication

4. 4. Repetitive replication

2. Wilson discovered the ____ in a butterfly,

1. X chromosome

2. Y chromosome

3. Z chromosome

4. W chromosome

3. Linkage groups in fish were first detected by ____

1. Morgan

2. Sturtevant

3. Winge

4. Muller

4. Hypophysation, a technique using pituitary extracts to induce spawning in fish, discovered by

1. Von Ihering

2. Morgan

3. Muller

4. Winge

5. In 1952, ______ performed experiments on T2 bacteriophage.

1. Thomas Hunt Morgan

2. A.D. Hershey and Martha Chase

3. Alfred Sturtevant

4. Friedrich Miescher

6. The purine and pyrimidine bases were stacked _____ apart in a ladder.

1. 0.17 nm

2. 0.34 nm

3. 0.51 nm

4. 0.68 nm

7. The DNA information specifying amino acid sequences is copied into ______.

1. t-RNA

2. r-RNA

3. m-RNA

4. s-RNA

8. Centromere is located approximately at the center of the chromosome in _____.

1. Metacentric

2. Submetacentric

3. Acrocentric

4. Telocentric

9. Centromere is located at the end (terminal) of the chromosome and is called _____.

1. Metacentric

2. Submetacentric

3. Acrocentric or telocentric

4. Telocentric or metacentric

10. ________ received recognition and honor as the "Father of Genetics."

1. Gregor Johann Mendel

2. Thomas Hunt Morgan

3. Alfred Sturtevant

4. Friedrich Miescher

11. When F1 individuals are crossed with one of the two parents, then such a cross is called a ______.

1. Testcross

2. Backcross

3. Self-cross

4. Hybrid cross

12. Scale pattern in common carp is controlled by the _______

1. A and B genes

2. S and the N genes

3. X and Y genes

4. R and S genes

13. Recessive epistasis produces a______ F2 phenotypic ratio.

1. 9:3:3:1

2. 9:4:3

3. 9:3:4

4. 3:1:2:1

14. Gynogenesis was first described by ________

1. Hertwig (1911) in frog embryos

2. Mendel (1866) in pea plants

3. Morgan (1910) in fruit flies

4. Watson and Crick (1953) in DNA structure

15. The first successful cryopreservation of fish sperm was reported in the _____.

1. 1940s

2. 1950s

3. 1960s

4. 1970s

16. Mating of individuals from entirely different races, strains, varieties, or even different species is called_______.

1. Inbreeding

2. Outbreeding

3. Crossbreeding

4. Hybridization

17. The duration of interphase in plant and animal cells varies between ___ hours.

1. 2 to 4

2. 6 to 8

3. 10 to 20

4. 24 to 48

18. The first cytological demonstration of genetic crossing over has been given by ________

1. Mendel (working with pea plants)

2. Morgan (working with fruit flies)

3. Hertwig (working with frog embryos)

4. Stern (working with Drosophila)

19. Down syndrome is a set of mental and physical symptoms that result from having an extra copy of________.

1. Chromosome 21

2. Chromosome X

3. Chromosome Y

4. Chromosome 13

20. Proteomics was first used in 1994 by ____

1. Mendel and Morgan

2. Watson and Crick

3. Williams and Hochstrasser

4. Hertwig and Stern

21. The distance between base pairs is only ________

1. 2.0 nm

2. 2.4 nm

3. 2.8 nm

4. 3.2 nm

22. _______ cuts a single backbone on the DNA, enabling the strands to swivel around each other to remove the build-up of twists.

1. Ligase

2. Helicase

3. Polymerase

4. Topoisomerase I

23. _________ cuts both backbones, enabling one double-stranded DNA to pass through another, thereby removing knots and entanglements that can form within and between DNA molecules.

1. Ligase

2. Helicase

3. Polymerase

4. Topoisomerase II

24. The existence of restriction enzymes was observed by 

1. Watson and Crick (1953)

2. Friedrich Miescher (1869)

3. Gregor Mendel (1865)

4. Werner Arber (1968)

25. The smallest bacterial plasmids are about _____ and the largest are greater than____ .

1. 500 bp, 1000 kb

2. 1.5 kb, 1500 kb

3. 3 kb, 3000 kb

4. 5 kb, 5000 kb

26. ______ microinjected fertilized eggs of goldfish with a metallothionein promoter fused with the human growth hormone gene.

1. Smith et al. (1973)

2. Palmiter et al. (1982)

3. Zhu et al. (1985)

4. Chen et al. (1986)

27. _______ introduced the growth hormone gene into mice and produced a giant mouse of 44 gms whereas the normal mouse grows up to only 29 g.

1. Smith et al. (1973)

2. Palmiter et al. (1982)

3. Zhu et al. (1985)

4. Chen et al. (1986)

28. The gene responsible for imparting cold resistance was cloned from ______ which lives in the polar sea.

1. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

3. Winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

4. Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

29. _________ transplanted cell nuclei from a grass carp blastula cell line into unfertilized, enucleated eggs of crucian carp, thus creating the first "test-tube fish".

1. Smith et al. (1973)

2. Palmiter et al. (1982)

3. Zhu et al. (1985)

4. Chen et al. (1986)

30. Dot or slot blotting analysis was first developed by 

Meselson and Stahl (1958)

Khorana et al. (1970)

Kafatos et al. (1979)

Mullis et al. (1983)

31. ________ is a technique by which proteins can be transferred from a polyacrylamide gel to a sheet of nitrocellulose so that a replica of the original gel pattern is obtained.

1. Southern blotting

2. Northern blotting

3. Western blotting

4. Eastern blotting 

32. ________ is a suspension of attenuated live pathogens that are able to replicate inside the host and induce a protective immune response but unable to cause disease.

1. Inactivated vaccine

2. Live-attenuated vaccine

3. Subunit vaccine

4. DNA vaccine

33. ________ induces specific as well as non-specific immune responses in the recipient host.

1. Live-attenuated vaccine

2. Inactivated vaccine

3. DNA immunization

4. Subunit vaccine

34. The first step in the production of a recombinant subunit vaccine is the isolation of immunogenic genes, which are_________.

1. Synthesized chemically

2. Amplified by cloning

3. Extracted from pathogens

4. Obtained from patient samples

35. For larger fish (70-100gms), the vaccine is sprayed or immersed for_______.

1. 1-2 seconds

2. 3-5 seconds

3. 6-8 seconds

4. 9-10 seconds

36. The optimum range of temperature for coldwater fish is ______.

1. 0-5°C

2.  5-10°C

3. 10-12°C

4. 12-15°C

37. The level of ________ is regulated by a process called the feedback mechanism.

1. Estrogen

2. Progesterone

3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

4. Gonadotropins (GtH)

38. _____ , is generally ideal for spawn collection.

1. Sunny day with clear skies

2. Overcast sky, with or without drizzle, coupled with a gentle breeze

3. Heavy rain and thunderstorm

4. Windy day with strong gusts

39. Tilapia matures at ______ and spawns throughout the year.

1. 6-8 months

2. 4-5 months

3. 2-3 months

4. 8-10 months

40. Vitellogenesis can be triggered and accelerated by______.

1. Feeding schedule

2. Water temperature

3. Environmental manipulation and hormonal manipulation

4. Light intensity

41. ________ are cells that give rise to spermatocytes through a process called Spermatogenesis.

1. Sertoli cells

2. Leydig cells

3. Spermatocytes

4. Spermatogonia

42. The Chinese silver and grass carp have been successfully induced bred at temperatures ______.

1. 20°C to 25°C

2. 25°C to 28°C

3. 28.2°C to 34°C

4. 34°C to 37°C

43. ________ is one of the earliest types of hatcheries used in association with the bundh-type breeding system.

1. Raceway hatchery

2. Recirculating hatchery

3. Earthen pot hatchery

4. Floating cage hatchery

44. ________, a former Director of the Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Bombay, was instrumental in introducing LDPE material in fish hatcheries.

1. S.N. Dwivedi

2. R.S. Katiha

3. A.G.K. Menon

4. B. Meenakumari 

45. Sequence of the amino acids of insulin hormone, discovered by

1. 1. Francis Crick

2. 2. Frederick Sanger

3. 3. Rosalind Franklin

4. 4. James Watson

46. The width of the DNA helix was found to be ____

1. 1. 1 nm

2. 2. 2 nm

3. 3. 3 nm

4. 4. 4 nm

47. DNA sequences are read from______ with respect to the polarity of the strand.

1. 1. 3' → 5'

2. 2. 5' → 3'

3. 3. 5' ← 3'

4. 4. 3' ← 5'

48. The initial product of genome expression is the_______

1. 1. Proteome

2. 2. Genome

3. 3. Transcriptome

4. 4. Metabolome

49. The two chromosomes that form a pair are called “________"

1. 1. Sister chromatids

2. 2. Homologues

3. 3. Alleles

4. 4. Centromeres

50. Heterochromatin is mostly made up of highly repeated simple sequences of DNA, ________

1. 1. Telomeric DNA

2. 2. Centromeric DNA

3. 3. Satellite DNA

4. 4. Alu elements

51. Centromere located at sub-terminal position of the chromosome is called ______

1. 1. Metacentric

2. 2. Sub-metacentric

3. 3. Telocentric

4. 4. Sub-telocentric

52. The most common karyotypes among fish species is

1. 1. Metacentric

2. 2. Sub-metacentric

3. 3. Acrocentric or telocentric

4. 4. Sub-telocentric

53. A gene or locus which suppressed or masked the action of a gene at another locus was termed __________

1. 1. Dominant gene

2. 2. Recessive gene

3. 3. Modifier gene

4. 4. Suppressor or epistatic gene

54. _________ is an example of a set of phenotypes that is controlled by the epistatic interaction among four genes.

1. 1. Eye color in Drosophila

2. 2. Flower color in snapdragons

3. 3. Body size in mice

4. 4. Body color in the Siamese fighting fish

55. ____ is present in most DNA in the cell.

1. 1. A form

2. 2. Z form

3. 3. B form

4. 4. C form

56. Start codon, for translation, is always___, which encodes___.

1. 1. AUG, methionine

2. 2. UAA, methionine

3. 3. AUG, histidine

4. 4. UAG, methionine

57. ________ are enzymes that solve these physical problems in the coiling of DNA.

1. 1. DNA ligases

2. 2. DNA helicases

3. 3. DNA topoisomerases

4. 4. DNA polymerases

58. ______ is the most common method of gene transfer.

1. 1. Transduction

2. 2. Transformation

3. 3. Conjugation

4. 4. Microinjection

59. The most commonly used riverine fish spawn collection net is _____ which is a funnel-shaped net of finely woven netting.

1. 1. Gill net

2. 2. Cast net

3. 3. Trawl net

4. 4. Shooting net

60. The common carp attains maturity at ______ of age and breeds year-round in captivity.

1. 1. 1-2 years

2. 2. 2-3 years

3. 3. 4-6 months

4. 4. 6-8 months

61. GtH induces the thecal cells of the follicle to produce_________.

1. 1. Estrogen

2. 2. Progesterone

3. 3. Testosterone

4. 4. Follicle-stimulating hormone

62. Bundh breeding seems to have its origin in________.

1. 1. Tamil Nadu

2. 2. Maharashtra

3. 3. West Bengal

4. 4. Kerala

63. ________ have been successfully induced bred in bundhs without stripping.

1. 1. Rohu and catla

2. 2. Silver carp and grass carp

3. 3. Tilapia and trout

4. 4. Pangasius and barramundi

64. The Indian Major Carps are found to breed within a range of______.

1. 1. 18-23oC

2. 2. 20-25oC

3. 3. 24-31oC

4. 4. 28-33oC

65. Pituitary gland is an _______ gland situated on the ventral side of the brain.

1. 1. Exocrine

2. 2. Endocrine

3. 3. Digestive

4. 4. Sensory

66. ______ (without stalk) present in Murrels and glassfish (Ambasis species).

1. 1. Orthostatic pituitary

2. 2. Platybasic pituitary

3. 3. Mesostatic pituitary

4. 4. Heterostatic pituitary

67. _______ is the injecting pituitary from one fish to another fish distantly related to the donor fish.

1. 1. Homoplastic injection

2. 2. Heteroplastic injection

3. 3. Autoplastic injection

4. 4. Alloplastic injection

68. Breeding of fish with pituitary gland (hypophysis) extract is termed as_______.

1. 1. Spawning induction

2. 2. Ovulation stimulation

3. 3. Hypophysation

4. 4. Gonadotropic therapy

69. IMC eggs are ________ and have a large perivitelline space. The size of the eggs varies between 2.5 and 6.5 mm.

1. 1. Sticky and adhesive

2. 2. Smooth and adhesive

3. 3. Bead-like, non-adhesive, semi-buoyant

4. 4. Spherical and buoyant

70. _______ is acclimatizing seed to a restricted environment prior to packing and transportation.

1. 1. Aeration

2. 2. Incubation

3. 3. Conditioning

4. 4. Stabilization

71. Hanging dip net hatchery is famous in ___

1. 1. Tamil Nadu

2. 2. Kerala

3. 3. West Bengal

4. 4. Orissa

72. Derris powder, with ______ content, is probably the most commonly used fish poison in fish ponds.

1. 1. 1% rotenone

2. 2. 3% rotenone

3. 3. 5% rotenone

4. 4. 10% rotenone

73. Fecundity of milkfish is ___________

1. 1. 1-5 million/kg b.w.

2. 2. 2-8 million/kg b.w.

3. 3. 5-10 million/kg b.w.

4. 4. 8-12 million/kg b.w.

74. ________ has developed a technique for brood-stock development, breeding, and larval rearing of L. calcarifer in India.

1. 1. NACA, Bangkok

2. 2. CIBA, Chennai

3. 3. FAO, Rome

4. 4. WHO, Geneva

75. Cryopreservation is the long-term preservation of biological material at ultra-low temperatures, usually at ____ the temperature of liquid nitrogen.

1. 1. -80 ֯C

2. 2. -120 ֯C

3. 3. -150 ֯C

4. 4. -196 ֯C

76. ______ is a solution of inorganic and organic chemicals, resembling that of blood or seminal plasma.

1. 1. Diluent

2. 2. Medium

3. 3. Extender

4. 4. Preservative

77. In _______ or clear water system, rearing of brood stock, spawning hatching, larval rearing, and live feed culture are done separately in separate tanks.

1. 1. Intensive recirculating system

2. 2. Polyculture system

3. 3. Galveston system

4. 4. Extensive pond system

78. X organ is a specialized _________ located in both the eyestalks.

1. 1. Digestive gland

2. 2. Excretory organ

3. 3. Sensory organ

4. 4. Neurosecretory organ

79. ____________ is also known as Moult or Gonad Stimulating Hormone. It is secreted by the _______.

1. 1. Gonad Inhibiting Hormone (GIH), Eyestalks

2. 2. Molt Inhibiting Hormone (MIH), Stomatogastric ganglia

3. 3. Growth Stimulating Hormone (GSH), Thoracic ganglia

4. 4. Gonad Stimulating Hormone (GSH), X organ

80. Presence of petasma in the ________ in shrimp male.

1. 1. 1st pleopod

2. 2. 2nd pleopod

3. 3. Uropod

4. 4. Telson

81. Gonopore is located at the base of ______ leg in shrimp male.

1. 1. 1st walking

2. 2. 2nd walking

3. 3. 3rd walking

4. 4. 5th walking

82. Newly hatched nauplius is_________. They are attracted to light.

1. 1. Transparent

2. 2. Dark yellow in color

3. 3. Green

4. 4. Red

83. The _______ is a non-feeding stage as it utilizes the reserved nutrients of the egg.

1. 1. Zoea

2. 2. Mysis

3. 3. Megalopa

4. 4. Nauplius

84. The stage lasts for _____ and is succeeded by the mysis stage.

1. 1. 1-2 days

2. 2. 3-4 days

3. 3. 5-6 days

4. 4. 7-8 days

85. The courtship in crab is initiated by a "_____ " between a hard-shelled male and a hard-shelled female.

1. 1. Precopulatory dance

2. 2. Premating embrace

3. 3. Mutual grooming

4. 4. Aggressive display

86. The ________ has a crab-like appearance.

1. 1. Zoea larva

2. 2. Mysis larva

3. 3. Megalopa larva

4. 4. Postlarva

87. In male lobster, the spermatophores turn black and are called ______.

1. 1. Spermatophore spots

2. 2. Blackened capsules

3. 3. Tar spots

4. 4. Sperm deposits

88. The Phyllosoma undergoes several moults before becoming a young lobster (juvenile), and the duration of this stage may extend _________.

1. 1. Up to 100 days

2. 2. Up to 150 days

3. 3. Up to 200 days

4. 4. Up to 250 days

89. In the pearl oyster, _________ develops to plantigrade.

1. 1. Trochophore larva

2. 2. Veliger larva

3. 3. Pediveliger larva

4. 4. Metamorphosed larva

90. _________ is the most widely cultured species among the crayfishes.

1. 1. Cherax destructor

2. 2. Procambarus clarkii

3. 3. Astacus astacus

4. 4. Orconectes limosus

91. Thus it takes ________ for the first zoea to become the first crab instar.

1. 1. 15-20 days

2. 2. 21-25 days

3. 3. 27-30 days

4. 4. 31-35 days

92. __________ has the advantages of simplicity and rapid clotting of hemolymph within the empty eyestalk.

1. 1. Eyestalk ligation

2. 2. Hemolymph extraction

3. 3. Enucleation

4. 4. Amputation

93. The sea cucumbers larvae, ______ were barrel-shaped.

1. 1. Trochophores

2. 2. Doliolariae

3. 3. Veligers

4. 4. Nauplii

94. ________ – media that is used for the culture of microalgae spirulina.

1. 1. F/2 medium

2. 2. BG11 medium

3. 3. Zarrouk's medium

4. 4. BBM medium

95. Nauplius stage (N) Pear-shaped with _______ pairs of appendages.

1. 1. 1 pair

2. 2. 2 pair

3. 3. 3 pairs

4. 4. 4 pairs

96. The "open thelycum" species include the members of the__________.

1. 1. Penaeus subgenera

2. 2. Metapenaeus subgenera

3. 3. Parapenaeus subgenera

4. 4. Litopenaeus subgenera

97. The ovaries in __________ shrimps will be transparent/light yellowish to ivory in color.

1. 1. Mature female

2. 2. Immature female

3. 3. Spawning female

4. 4. Gravid female

98. The rearing period for IMC may vary between________.

1. 1. 1 and 2 weeks

2. 2. 1 and 2 months

3. 3. 2 and 3 months

4. 4. 3 and 4 months

99. The __________ is one of the commonest devices to serve as an outdoor hatchery.

1. 1. Larval rearing tank

2. 2. Artemia culture tank

3. 3. Double-walled hatching hapa

4. 4. Indoor hatchery unit

100. Pituitary gland is pear-shaped in______.

1. 1. Rohu

2. 2. Catla

3. 3. Mrigal

4. 4. Silver carp