Aquatic environment management - final countdown solution

Aquatic environment management - final countdown solution 

1. Bathyal zones

1.  (200-2000m depth)

2. (2000- 6000m depth)

3. (50-200m depth)

4. ( 0-50m depth)

2. _________ zone is also referred to as the "twilight zone

1. Mesopelagic

2. Epipelagic

3. Abyssopelagic

4. Hadalpelagic

3. 15 trenches (highest among oceans) are found in the_______.

1. Pacific Ocean

2. Atlantic Ocean

3. Arabian sea

4. None of these

4. ____  Deepest Trench (10, 850m depth) - Tonga Trench (Pacific Ocean)

1. 2nd 

2. 1st 

3. 3rd 

4. 4th

5. _______ diatoms are far more abundant in the sea than in freshwater and the marine forms. 

1. Centric

2. Pennales

3. A & B both

4. None of these

6. _______  are exclusively marine forms.

1. Red algae

2. Brown algae

3. Green algae

4. None of these

7.  ______ (pigment responsible for brown colour).

1. fucoxanthin

2. carotene

3. phycoerythrin

4. None of these

8.  ________ (pigment responsible for red colour).

1. carotene

2. phycoerythrin

3. fucoxanthin

4. A & B Both

9. _______ is a seaweed medicinal preparation from New York (U.S.A.)

1. Kelpamalt

2. Parakelp

3. Manamar

4. None of these

10. Parakelp and Manamar are other medicinal seaweed of  _______

1. American preparations

2. Indian preparations

3. Japanese preparations

4. Chinese preparations

11. ________ - are organisms in size range of 20to200 µm

1. Microplankton

2. Picoplankton

3. Nanoplankton

4. Macroplankton

12. ______- are minute organisms of 0.02-2.0 µm in size

1. Microplankton

2. Picoplankton

3. Nanoplankton

4.  Macroplankton

13. Abundance of copepod Calanus acts as the indicator of presence of _______ shoals.

1. herrings and mackerels 

2. oil sardine

3. Baleen whale 

4. Pomfret

14. Very high abundance of diatom Fragillaria oceanica indicates the presence of _____ in that location.

1. oil sardine 

2. herrings and mackerels

3. Baleen whale 

4. Pomfret

15. The upwelling areas of the world form only ___ of the ocean surface but produce half of the world’s fish supply.

1. 0.1%

2. 0.2%

3. 0.3%

4. 0.4%

16. Inshore tropical waters have a productivity as much as ____ that of offshore waters. 

1. ten times

2. Five times

3. Six times

4. Two times

17. Hydrogen sulphide poisoning- so called_______ :

1. ‘black tide’

2. Blue tide

3. Pink tide

4. White tide

18. Vanadium found in Blood of _______.

1. ascidians and holothurians.

2. Mollusc

3. Crustacean

4. Fishes

19. Semi- diurnal tidal current -___ , Diurnal tidal current - ___

1. 12 hr, 24hrs

2. 10 hr, 22hrs

3. 24 hr, 12hrs

4. 6 hr, 8hrs

20. (when the sun crosses the equator in march & September is called _____

1. equinoxes

2. solstices

3. Molestics

4. None of these

21. when the sun reaches the Tropic of Cancer & Capricorn in June & December is called ___

1. equinoxes

2. solstices

3. Molestics

4. None of these

22. in the human body, 80% of _____ is found in teeth and bones.

1. phosphorous

2. Nitrogen

3. Silicon

4. Mangnese

23. About ____ of the primary production converted into secondary production.

1. 10 to 20%

2. 15 to 30%

3. 20 to 40%

4. 40 to 60%

24. _______ was propounded by Gaarder and Gran (1929). (Indirect method)

1. The light and dark bottle method

2. 14C - method

3. Carbon capture method

4. 15C - method

25. ______ was first propounded by Steeman Nielsen (1952).

1. The light and dark bottle method

2. 14C - method

3. Carbon capture method

4. 15C - method

26. It states that “during energy transfer, large part of energy is degraded into heat and dissipates”, is _______ 

1. second low of thermodynamics

2. First low of thermodynamics

3. second low of gravity

4. Third low of thermodynamics

27. There are ____ trophic levels of food chain in upwelling areas and five in marine environments.

1. three

2. Two

3. Fourth

4. Fifth

28. ______ have one nostril; 

1. Toothed whales

2. Baleen whales 

3. Porpoise

4. Seal

29. _______ have two nostrils.

1. Toothed whales

2. Baleen whales 

3. Porpoise

4. Seal

30. he killer whale or orca (Orcinus orca), is the fastest of all the marine mammals, having been clocked at______.

1. 55 km/ hour

2. 25 km/ hour

3. 75 km/ hour

4. 65 km/ hour

31. The marine mammal that is the most terrestrial is the ______ , which lives on ice floes and along the shore in the North region.

1. polar bear 

2. Whale

3. Harbor seal

4. Sea cow

32. The calm, turbid region in the coastal waters of Kerala are called the _______

1. mud banks

2. Estuary

3. Khazan

4. Bhehris

33. Largest mangrove areas occur in _____ 

1. Indonesia

2. Nigeria

3. Australia

4. Mexico

34. Bruguiera hainseii large lenticels found on its trunk is commonly known as _____’ in Malaysia

1. crocodile eyes

2. Fish eyes

3. Elephant eyes

4. Peacock eyes

35. eef development does not occur______.

1. below 18°C

2. below 28°C

3. below 31°C

4. below 25°C

36. Example of Tectonic Estuaries are the_____.

1. San Francisco Bay area in California

2. the Eastern Seaboard 

3. the Gulf Coast of North America

4. The Mississippi River estuary

37. Example of Bar-built Estuaries are ______

1. the Eastern Seaboard 

2. the Gulf Coast of North America

3. The Mississippi River estuary

4. A & B both

38. Example of Salt-wedge estuary or Positive estuaries are _________

1. San Francisco Bay area in California

2. the Eastern Seaboard 

3. the Gulf Coast of North America

4. The Mississippi River estuary

39. Fjords are found in _____

1. Northern Europe, 

2. Alaska 

3. Canada.

4. All of these

40. The term Limnology was coined by _____

1. Francois-Alphonse Forel

2. Hutchinson (1957)

3. Ehrenberg (1838)

4. Peter Erasmus Muller(1838)

41. _______is credited with laying the foundation stone of limnological study. Peter Erasmus Muller

1. Forel (1982)

2. Hutchinson (1957)

3. Ehrenberg (1838)

4. Peter Erasmus Muller(1838)

42. publication of the Treatise, “Infus Animalcules” done by ________ 

1. Forel (1982)

2. Hutchinson (1957)

3. Ehrenberg (1838)

4. Peter Erasmus Muller(1838)

43. The sequence of genesis of lotic Water is_______ .

1. brooks, rivulets, channels and rivers

2. rivulets, channels and rivers, brooks

3. brooks,channels and rivers, rivulets

4. channels, brooks, rivulets and rivers

44. _______ are formed in basins created by movements of the earth’s crust by different processes. 

1. Glacial lakes

2. Tectonic lakes

3. oxbow lake

4. None of these

45. Example of Glacial lakes  

1. Finger lakes of New York.

2. Dal lakes

3. Woolar lakes 

4. Sambhar lake

46. Example of oxbow lake _________

1. Finger lakes of New York.

2. Dal lakes

3. Woolar lakes 

4. B & C both

47. ____ defined lake as a body of standing water and occupying basin and lacking continuity with the sea. 

1. Forel (1982)

2. Hutchinson (1957)

3. Ehrenberg (1838)

4. Peter Erasmus Muller(1838)

48. _______ gives the classification of lakes based on changes in temperature of surface water ______

1. Forel (1982)

2. Hutchinson (1957)

3. Ehrenberg (1838)

4. Peter Erasmus Muller(1838)

49. Depth of the Lake baikal is about 

1. 1620 m

2. 1820 m

3. 1520 m

4. 2000 m

50. ______ is located in the north of Bangalore at the mouth of National Highway 7. 

1. Hebbal Lake , Karnataka

2. Powai Lake, mumbai

3. Loktak Lake, kashmir

4. None of these

51. Powai Lake is an artificial lake, situated in the _________ state. 

1. Maharashtra

2. Gujarat

3. Punjab

4. Haryana

52. _______ called the only Floating lake in the world due to the floating phumdis. 

1. Hebbal Lake , Karnataka

2. Powai Lake, mumbai

3. Loktak Lake, kashmir

4. None of these

53. There is a large monolithic statue on of the Gautam Buddha in the middle of the _______ lake which was erected in 1992  

1. Hussian Sagar

2. Sardar sagar

3. Nagarjuna sagar

4. Indira sagar

54. Lake Vostok (sub-glacial) is the ___

1. Largest lake of Antarctica

2. Largest lake of Antarctica

3. Largest lake of north America

4. Largest lake of Asia

55. Lake Titicaca is the _____ 

1. Largest lake of Antarctica

2. Largest lake of South America

3. Largest lake of north America

4. Largest lake of Asia

56. Density of water will be less during ____and it will be high during______. 

1. summer, winter

2. Winter, summer

3. Monsoon, summer

4. Summer, monsoon

57. Stevenson (1934) formulated a formula for computing the maximum height of wave in small bodies of water as

1. h = 1/3 √F

2. h = 2/3 √F

3. h = 1/2 √F

4. h = 1/5 √F

58. The term of thermocline was proposed by _______. 

1. Birge (1897)

2. Alfred Wegener

3. Vine and Hess

4. Laplace

59. From surface towards upwards temperature decreases with altitude. This region is called ______

1. troposphere

2. Mesosphere

3. Stratosphere

4. None of these

60. Ozone is found mostly between ______ with the maximum concentration around ____ amsl.

1. 20 and 50km, 25km

2. 20 and 40km, 15km

3. 50 and 100km, 35km

4. 40 and 80km, 20km

61. Sun radiates energy at a temperature of ______

1. 6000˚C

2. 3000˚C

3. 4000˚C

4. 2000˚C

62. The annual maximum temperature occurs in the end of____, a full month after _____

1. July, summer solstice (June 21st)

2. January,  winter solstice (December 22nd).

3. July,  winter solstice (December 22nd).

4. January, summer solstice (June 21st)

63. The annual minimum temperature occurs in the end of _____ , a month after the winter solstice ________.

1. July, summer solstice (June 21st)

2. January,  winter solstice (December 22nd).

3. July,  winter solstice (December 22nd).

4. January, summer solstice (June 21st)

64. The highest world temperature recorded is 136˚F at_______.

1. Tripol in North Africa

2. Sahara ran in South Africa

3. Thar district in Rajasthan

4. None of these

65. The average rate of temperature decrease with elevation is called “_______”

1. Normal lapse rate

2. Negative lapse rate

3. Inverse lapse rate

4. None of these

66. A _________ is a simple, widely used instrument for measuring humidity.

1. Psychrometer

2. Barometer

3. Deslometer

4. Mercury barometer

67. ______ consists of a very large number of minute droplets per unit volume.

1. Drizzle

2. Sleet

3. Rain

4. snow

68. _____is a mixture of rain and snow. 

1. Drizzle

2. Sleet

3. Rain

4. snow

69. At the top of a 1000 meter mountain, pressure is about_____.

1. 900mb

2. 500mb

3. 1000mb

4. 800mb

70. Rain bearing clouds are categorized as ______

1. nimbus

2. Strattus

3. Sirostattus

4. None of these

71. A sudden increase of wind speed reaching 24kt or more and lasting a minute or more is termed a _______

1. Persistent strong winds

2. The violent winds

3. squall

4. none of these

72. ________  associated with severe cyclonic storms exceeding 63 kt are known as hurricane winds

1. Persistent strong winds

2. The violent winds

3. squall

4. none of these

73. ______ over 33kt, generally occurring with cyclones are called gales

1. Persistent strong winds

2. The violent winds

3. squall

4. none of these

74. ____ layer forms the bottom of the ocean and is known as pyrosphere

1. SIMA

2. SIAL

3. ALMG

4. MGAL

75. The ____ divided into SIAL and SIMA layers

1. crust

2. Mental

3. Core

4. None of these

76. The _____ is the largest ocean.

1. Pacific Ocean

2. Atlantic Ocean

3. Indian Ocean

4. Arctic Ocean

77. The total percentage of mantle of earth's surface is _____

1. 84%

2. 82%

3. 81%

4. 80%

78. What is the correct sequence of features on the sea floor starting from the coast to greater depths? 

1. Continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain

2. abyssal plain, Continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise

3. continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, Continental shelf

4. Continental shelf, continental rise, abyssal plain, continental slope

79. Who proposed the theory of continental drift? 

1. Birge (1897)

2. Alfred Wegener

3. Vine and Hess

4. Laplace

80. The theory of “Sea Floor Spreading” developed by _______

1. Birge (1897)

2. Alfred Wegener

3. Vine and Hess

4. Laplace

81. When the steepness of a wave exceeds _____,it will break 

1. 1 :7

2. 1 :5

3. 1 :3

4. 1 :6

82. Neap tides occur when the earth, sun and moon forms an angle of  ___

1. 90°

2. 45°

3. 1200°

4. 50°

83. The Ratio of _________ is called wave steepness

1. wave height to wave length

2. wave length to wave height

3. wave height to wave period

4. wave length to wave period

84. The volcanic region 'Ring of Fire' surrounds _____

1. Pacific Oceans

2. Atlantic ocean

3. Arctic Ocean

4. Indian Ocean

85. ____  does not have the circular motion of wave particles

1. sea

2. swell

3. Surf

4. None of these

86. Celerity can be measured directly or calculated by dividing the _______ 

1. wave length by wave period

2. wave height by wave length

3. wave length by wave height

4. wave height by wave period

87. _____ Breaks in the middle or near the bottom of the wave rather than at the top

1. Collapsing breaker

2. surging breaker

3. Spilling breakers

4. None of these

88. In _____ the waves slides up and down the beach with little or no bubble production.

1. Collapsing breaker

2. surging breaker

3. Spilling breakers

4. None of these

89. _______ are over steepened waves where the unstable top spills over the front of waves as they move towards a beach. 

1. Collapsing breaker

2. surging breaker

3. Spilling breakers

4. None of these

90. Large depression of the sea floor called ____

1. Basin

2. Bank

3. Biogenous Sediment

4. Seamount

91. Large elevation of the sea floor; a submerged plateau called _____

1. Basin

2. Bank

3. Biogenous Sediment

4. Seamount

92. Biogenous Sediment containing at least ___ by volume of skeletal remains of organism

1. 30%

2. 50%

3. 20%

4. 10%

93. Elevation rising 900 meters or more from the ocean bottom called ___

1. Basin

2. Bank

3. Biogenous Sediment

4. Seamount

94. _____ of the Moon refers to the period between the full moon and new moon.

1. Waning

2. Waxing

3. Maning

4. Chaning 

95. ____ of the Moon describes the period between new moon and full moon. 

1. Waning

2. Waxing

3. Maning

4. Chaning 

96. ______ formulated the dynamic theory of tides

1. Birge (1897)

2. Alfred Wegener

3. Vine and Hess

4. Laplace

97. Western Boundary currents 

1. California Current 

2. Canary Current 

3. Peru Current

4. Gulf Stream

98. Eastern boundary currents

1. Gulf Stream 

2. Kuroshio 

3. Labrador Current

4. California Current

99. Water masses can be classified on the basis of their ______ characteristics.

1. temperature- hardness

2. temperature- DO

3. temperature- turbidity

4. temperature- pressure

100. Floating plants are _______

1. Pistia (water lettuce)

2. Ceratophyllum (coon tail)

3. Typha (cat tail)

4. Nitella

101. Submerged plants are ________ 

1. Valisneria (cord grass)

2. Nelumbo

3. Nymphaea (water lily)

4. Marsilia

102. Rooted plants are _________ 

1. Typha (cat tail)

2. Nelumbo

3. Nymphaea (water lily)

4. Marsilia

103. the Vembanad and Kadinamkulam backwaters located in _____

1. Kerala

2. Punjab

3. Jammu and Kashmir

4. Haryana

104. _____ Often called “rainforests of the sea”

1. Coral reefs

2. Seaweed

3. Seagrass

4. Mangrove

105. World Wetlands Day

1. 2nd February

2. 21 November

3. 12 january

4. 15 august

106. crocodile (Crocodylus spp.) and crocodile-bird (Pluvianus aegyptius) is example of ________

1. Facultative mutualism

2. Obligative mutualism

3. Predation

4. Commensalim

107. _________ is the use of microorganism metabolism to remove pollutants.

1. Bioremediation

2. Bioluminescence

3. Bioaugmentation

4. Phytoremediation 

108. In a study of 1415 pathogens known to affect humans, ____ were zoonotic.

1. 61%

2. 43%

3. 22%

4. 18%

109. The term antibiotic was coined by _____________.

1. Selman Waksman 

2. Birge 

3. Alfred Wegener

4. Vine and Hess

110. sewage treatment plant, a factory, or a city storm drain Examples of ______

1. point sources

2. non point sources

3. A & B both 

4. None of these

111. Fertilised agricultural lands, rural homes, animal feedlot & urban street examples of ______

1. point sources

2. non point sources

3. A & B both 

4. None of these

112. Bacterial Counts for drinking water 

1. None per 100 ml

2. 2 per 100 ml

3. 50 per 100 ml

4. 1 per 100 ml

113. The World Resources Institute has identified ____hypoxic coastal zones in the world

1. 375

2. 456

3. 143

4. 233

114. It's been estimated in oil spilled areas; about ____ are required for marine life to completely restore.

1. 70 years

2. 40 years

3. 100 years

4. 50 years

115. National environment policy comes in

1. 2006

2. 2010

3. 2009

4. 2008

116. Headquarter of NBA located in _______

1. Chennai

2. Ahmedabad

3. Banglore

4. Delhi

117. The air act come in _______

1. 1981

2. 1976

3. 1979

4. 1988

118. National Forest policy comes in 

1. 1952

2. 1976

3. 1979

4. 1988

119. Project tiger comes in ______

1. 1973

2. 1976

3. 1979

4. 1988

120. MOEF issued CRZ notification in ______

1. 9 February,1991

2. 9 February,1995

3. 9 march,1991

4. 9 june,1991

121. About ______ marine protected areas have been identified, and monitored using IRS LISS III and IV data.

1. 128

2. 132

3. 155

4. 122

122. For a change of 1°C of temperature, physiological activity of fish shows changes up to __ 

1. 10%

2. 20%

3. 30%

4. 40%

123. about_____ of land globally is wetland.

1. 6.4%

2. 3.4%

3. 5.4%

4. 8.4%

124. Coastal regulation zone is the boundary from the high tide Line up to ____ and area between low and high tide Line. 

1. 500 m

2. 200 m

3. 300 m

4. 1000 m

125. Coastal zone Encompasses ____of land space. 

1. 18%

2. 15%

3. 13%

4. 11%

126. The area between Low Tide Line and High Tide Line comes under______ 

1. CRZ lll

2. CRZ I

3. CRZ II

4. None of these

127. coastal zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) comes in ______ 

1. CRZ lll

2. CRZ I

3. CRZ II

4. None of these

128. National Environment Tribunal Act comes in _____

1. 1995

2. 1992

3. 2006

4. 2002

129. CITES, Convention on Biodiversity comes in ______

1. 1995

2. 1992

3. 2006

4. 2002

130. _______  is the process of measuring the loss of intensity of transmitted light due to the scattering effect of particles suspended in it.

1. Turbidimetry

2. Nephelometry

3. Potentiometry

4. Spectrophotometry

131. ________  is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution.

1. Nephelometry

2. Potentiometry

3. Spectrophotometry

4. Turbidimetry

132. ________  is a method used in electro-analytical chemistry, usually to find the concentration of a solute in solution.

1. Nephelometry

2. Potentiometry

3. Spectrophotometry

4. Turbidimetry

133. ______ is the measurement of scattered light.

1. Nephelometry

2. Potentiometry

3. Spectrophotometry

4. Turbidimetry

134. The Earth's atmosphere presently contains, on average, approximately ___ percent carbon dioxide.

1. 0.03

2. 0.04

3. 0.02

4. 0.08

135. The amount of dissolved oxygen in sea water varied between ______

1. 0 and 12.6 mg/l.

2. 0 and 2.6 mg/l.

3. 0 and 7.4 mg/l.

4. 0 and 5.6 mg/l.

136. ______ is a measure of the capacity of water to consume oxygen during the decomposition of organic matter and the oxidation of inorganic chemicals such as ammonia and nitrite.

1. Chemical oxygen demand (COD)

2. Biological oxygen demand (BOD)

3. Dissolved oxygen (DO) 

4. Dissolved carbon dioxide (DCO) 

137. Generally particle density of normal soils is_______.

1. 2.65 grams per cubic centimeter

2. 3.65 grams per cubic centimeter

3. 2.65 grams per cubic centimeter

4. 1.65 grams per cubic centimeter

138. Basic nutrients (C, H, and O) constitute ___of total dry matter of plants. 

1. 96%

2. 76%

3. 56%

4. 86%

139. C/N ratio found in pig manure

1. 14: 1

2. 12: 1

3. 7: 1

4. 4: 1

140. Soil C:N ratios between _______ are considered favorable for aquaculture.

1. 10 and 15

2. 1 and 5

3. 10 and 20

4. 20 and 30