Aquatic animal health management - final countdown solution

 Aquatic animal health management - final countdown solution

1. An SPF animal can be defined as one coming from a population that has tested negative for specific pathogens for at least___

1. six months

2. Two year

3. three years

4. five years

2. Survival increased from _______in SPF Shrimp Culture:

1. 30–35 to 60–65%

2. 45–50 to 70–75%

3. 65–70 to 90–95%

4. 75–80 to 100%

3. ________ present in a population at all times but occurring only in small numbers of cases

1. Pandemic disease

2. Zoonotic disease

3. Enzootic disease

4. Epidemic disease

4. Basic cell and tissue components staining readily with acidic dyes is called ______

1. Basophilic

2. Eosinophilic

3. Acidophilic

4. Chromophilic

5. The component of an antigen which stimulates an immune response and which binds with antibody is called _____

1. Antigenic determinant

2. Antibody determinant

3. Receptor determinant

4. Epitope determinant

6. Material, such as fluid, cells, or cellular debris, which has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces ______

1. Effusion

2. Exudate

3. Hemorrhage

4. Secretion

7. Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular spaces of the body is called _____

1. Ascites

2. Pleural effusion

3. Edema (oedema)

4. Hydrothorax

8. Agent of EUS is ______:

1. Vibrio parahaemolyticus

2. Aphanomyces invadans

3. Aeromonas hydrophila

4. Pseudomonas fluorescens

9. Agent of White Spot Disease1

1. Microsporidium

2. Cryptocaryon irritans

3. Amyloodinium ocellatum

4. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

10. ________ only require one host to complete their life cycle.:

1. Trematodes

2. Monogeneans

3. Nematodes

4. Acanthocephalans

11. Pharmacodynamics is ___

1. the effects of the drugs on living organisms

2. the synthesis of new drugs

3. the development of drug delivery systems

4. the effects of drugs on chemical reactions

12. Penicillin is derived from the__

1. Penicillium notatum

2. Penicillium natatum

3. Penicillium glaucum

4. Penicillium roqueforti

13. Erythromycin is derived from the_____

1. Streptomyces erythraeus

2. Streptomyces griseus

3. Streptomyces venezuelae

4. Streptomyces antibioticus

14. Mass medication of a large group of fish is done by 

1. Water medication

2. Oral administration

3. Topical application

4. Inhalation

15. Penicillin is 

1. Antibacterial

2. Antifungal

3. Antiprotozoal

4. Antihypertensive

16. Tetracycline is 

1. Anti Rickettsial

2. Antineoplastic

3. Anticoagulant

4. Anticonvulsant

17. __________ is the minimum dose of ionizing radiation, a chemical, or a drug that will produce a detectable degree of any given effect.

1. Threshold dose

2. Toxic dose

3. Therapeutic dose

4. Effective dose

18. The sodium ion tends to “harden” the fish and reduce __________.

1. osmoregulation

2. slime formation.

3. pH regulation

4. nutrient absorption

19. Enzymatic deactivation of Penicillin G in some penicillin-resistant bacteria through the production of______.

1. β-lactamases

2. Cephalosporinases

3. Carbapenemases

4. Monobactamases

20. Central Drugs Research Institute, _____

1. CDRI, New Delhi

2. CDRI, Lucknow

3. CDRI, Hyderabad

4. CDRI, Kolkata

21. Yeast derivatives immunostimulant are ______ 

1. 1.β – 1,3 glucan, β – 1,6 glucan, Brewers yeast, Nucleotides

2. δ – 1,3 glucan, ε – 1,6 glucan, Active dry yeast, Lipids

3. ζ – 1,3 glucan, η – 1,6 glucan, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Carbohydrates

4. α – 1,6 glucan, β – 1,3 glucan, Red yeast rice, Amino acids

22. More widely used method of immersion vaccination_________.

1. Intramuscular vaccination

2. Dip vaccination

3. Intravenous vaccination

4. Spray vaccination

23. Bacteriostatic + Bactericidal : _______ effects

1. Synergistic

2. Antagonism

3. Neutral

4. Potentiation

24. Innate immunity is also called __________.

1. Natural or native immunity

2. Passive immunity

3. Adaptive immunity

4. Nonspecific immunity

25. Cell-mediated immunity is mainly through ________.

1. .T lymphocytes

2. Natural killer (NK) cells

3. Macrophages

4. Dendritic cells

26. ______protein is the major iron ion transport protein in animals and plants.

1. Transferrin

2. Ferritin

3. Lactoferrin

4. Ceruloplasmin

27. Fish phagocytic cells are formed mainly in the _______ from stem cells.

1. Head-kidney

2. Liver

3. Gills

4. Bone marrow

28. ____which is one of the most ancient immune mechanisms.

1. Phagocytosis

2. Complement activation

3. Interferon release

4. Opsonization

29. Lymphocytes are produced in both______.

1. Spleen and liver

2. Bone marrow and lymph nodes

3. Gills and intestine

4. Thymus and kidney

30. The plasma cells usually die after ______of secretion and the immunoglobulin levels in the serum decline gradually. 

1. 3-6 days

2. 5-8 days

3. 9-11 days

4. None of these

31. The secondary lymphoid organs include _________

1. kidney

2. spleen

3.  Mucosa lymphoid tissue.

4. All of these 

32. Heavy and light chains of antibody are held together by _______

1. disulphide bonds

2. Hydrogen bond

3. Nitrogen bond

4. diphosphate bond

33. Primary lymphoid organs include __________:

1. spleen and lymph nodes

2. liver and pancreas

3. thymus and bone marrow

4. thymus and head kidney

34. _______ is a process where macrophages and neutrophils are involved.

1. Opsonization

2. Endocytosis

3. Chemotaxis

4. Exocytosis

35. ______ is a process by which some antibodies can cross the epithelial layer to reach the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, gastrointestinal tract, and can bind antigens.

1. Transcytosis

2. Pinocytosis

3. Exocytosis

4. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

36. The hypothalamus releases a hormone called _____ factor.

1. thyrotropin-releasing

2. gonadotropin-releasing

3. adrenocorticotropic

4. corticotropin-releasing

37. ______ play a central role in crustacean immune reactions and are capable of phagocytosis, encapsulation, nodule formation, and mediation of cytotoxicity.

1. Crustacean lymphocytes

2. Crustacean hemocytes (blood cells)

3. Crustacean platelets

4. Crustacean leukocytes

38. These ____ cells have a variable number of small eosinophilic granules that are mainly responsible for encapsulation and also contain the prophenoloxidase activating systems (proPO).

1. semi granular

2. Neutrophilic

3. Eosinophilic

4. Lymphocytic

39. ____ phagocytes can be seen in hemolymph with continuous circulation.

1. Fixed

2. Resident

3. Mobile or circulating

4. Engulfing

40. Derived clotting cascade can be seen in______.

1. fish

2. horseshoe crab

3. mammals

4. reptiles

41. Active ppA converts the proPO to_________.

1. phenoloxidase

2. peroxidase

3. peptidase

4. protease

42. ____ can also act as opsonins.

1. antibodies

2. lectins

3. complement proteins

4. chemokines

43. Bioencapsulation is usually used when the _____ are to be vaccinated.

1. adult fish

2. fish fry

3. crustaceans

4. amphibians

44. In ____ method, fish are immersed in a highly concentrated vaccine solution for a very short time, usually a few minutes.

1. Spray vaccination

2. Oral vaccination

3. Topical vaccination

4. Dip vaccination

45. Vaccination by injection works well with fish that are ______

1. 1–5 g or smaller

2. 5–10 g or larger

3. 20–50 g or larger

4. 50–100 g or larger

46. Any material that enhances immunity is referred to as _______.

1. Antibiotic

2. Adjuvant

3. Vaccine

4. Immunosuppressant

47. ______ are infectious agents having a simple organization with a protein coat and a single type of nucleic acid (either RNA / DNA).

1. Bacteria

2. Fungi

3. Protozoa

4. Viruses

48. ______ employed the comparison of RNA sequences and developed a three-domain or empire classification.

1. Robert Koch

2. Louis Pasteur

3. Carl Linnaeus

4. Carl Woese

49. _______ is an exceptionally long bacterium measuring 80 µm x 600 µm.

1. Escherichia coli

2. Bacillus subtilis

3. Streptococcus pyogenes

4. Epulopiscium fishelsoni

50. Eukaryotic membranes can be differentiated from those of prokaryotes with the presence of _________.

1. Peptidoglycan

2. Lipopolysaccharide

3. Glycogen

4. Sterols

51. _____ is a group of bacteria that lack peptidoglycan

1. Proteobacteria

2. Firmicutes

3. Actinobacteria

4. Archaea

52. Some bacteria possess additional hair-like structures on their cell surface, called________.

1. Flagella

2. Pili

3. Capsules

4. Fimbriae

53. The liquid component of cytoplasm is called ______ and ___ of it is water.

1. Nucleoplasm, 60%

2. Cytosol, 70%

3. Nucleoplasm, 80%

4. Cytosol, 80%

54. Ribosomes consist of two subunits denoted_______. 

1. 40S and 60S

2. 30S and 50S

3. 30S and 60S

4. 40S and 80S

55. Bacteria move by means of hair-like structures called______.

1. Cilia

2. Pili

3. Fimbriae

4. Flagella

56. Bacteria without flagella are called_______.

1. Monotrichous

2. Peritrichous

3. Lophotrichous

4. Atrichous

57. Flagella all over the entire cell are called _____.

1. Monotrichous

2. Lophotrichous

3. Amphitrichous

4. Peritrichous

58. Bacteria of the genera ________ produce endospores.

1. Escherichia and Salmonella

2. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

3. Bacillus and Pseudomonas

4. Bacillus and Clostridium

59. The _____ are a large group of aerobic, high G-C percentage Gram-positive bacteria that form branching filaments or hyphae and asexual spores.

1. Proteobacteria

2. Cyanobacteria

3. Actinomycetes

4. Actinobacteria

60. _______ belong to a phylum of distinctive Gram-negative bacteria, which have long, helically coiled (spiral-shaped) cells.

1. Cyanobacteria

2. Proteobacteria

3. Firmicutes

4. Spirochaetes

61. _______ is a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall.

1. Escherichia

2. Staphylococcus

3. Mycoplasma

4. Streptococcus

62. The ____ make the membrane less permeable to most biological molecules and provide structural stability.

1. Glycans

2. Proteins

3. Lipids

4. Sterols

63. The nuclear envelope encloses a number of chromosomes in association with chromosomal proteins. These are called_______.

1. Centromeres

2. Telomeres

3. Nucleosomes

4. Histones

64. Haploid sex cells are produced from diploid cells by_______.

1. Mitosis

2. Fertilization

3. Replication

4. Meiosis

65. Structure of mRNA in Eukaryotes:

1. Monocistronic

2. Polyadenylated

3. Riboswitch-regulated

4. Monogenic

66. _______ consists of long, branched filaments called hyphae, which aggregate to form mycelium.

1. Yeast

2. Bacteria

3. Algae

4. Mold

67. The cells are surrounded by a thick wall before separation in _____.

1. Sporangia

2. Conidia

3. Ascospores

4. Chlamydospores

68. Basidiomycota:

1. Sac fungi

2. Zygomycota

3. Ascomycota

4. Club fungi

69. _____ is a disease (toxic) condition in humans and animals who eat grains infected with the fungus, Claviceps purpurea.

1. Aspergillosis

2. Candidiasis

3. Ergotism

4. Mycetism

70. _______ is a lichen and is regarded as the "bread of heavens" by Jews.

1. Parmelia sulcata

2. Cladonia rangiferina

3. Usnea spp.

4. Lecanora esculata

71. _________ is referred to as baker's yeast.

1. Candida albicans

2. Aspergillus niger

3. Penicillium chrysogenum

4. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

72. Enzymes such as _______ are synthesized from some fungi such as Penicillium and Aspergillus.

1. Protease, lipase, cellulase, and amylase

2. Amylase, protease, cellulase, and invertase

3. Pectinase, lipase, glucose oxidase, and cellulase

4. Amylase, pectinase, glucose oxidase, and invertase

73. Calcium carbonate is found in the cell walls of___________.

1. Diatoms

2. Cyanobacteria

3. Coralline algae

4. Red algae

74. __________ is a common type of dinoflagellates that produce toxins.

1. Noctiluca

2. Alexandrium

3. Gonyaulax

4. Ceratium

75. _______ are unicellular or colonial eukaryotes.

1. Fungi

2. Plants

3. Protozoa

4. Animals

76. Viral size is measured by______.

1. Optical microscopy

2. Confocal microscopy

3. Fluorescence microscopy

4. Electron microscopy

77. Each capsid is composed of protein subunits called __________.

1. Nucleotides

2. Lipids

3. Polysaccharides

4. Capsomeres

78. The area of lysis is called a______.

1. Lesion

2. Vesicle

3. Abscess

4. Plaque

79. The period during viral multiplication where complete virions are not yet present is called the_______.

1. Latent period

2. Burst size

3. Maturation period

4. Eclipse period

80. The refractive index for air is___.

1. 1.0

2. 1.33

3. 1.5

4. 2.0

81. __________ means the destruction of vegetative organisms that might cause disease or putrefaction.

1. Sterilization

2. Sanitization

3. Disinfection

4. Antisepsis

82. Bacteria are more readily killed by__________.

1. Dry heat than moist heat

2. Cold temperatures than hot temperature

3. Radiation than chemicals

4. Moist heat than dry heat

83. Moist heat below 100°C _____ .

1. Sterilizes

2. Disinfects

3. Sanitizes

4. (Pasteurization)

84. _________ are more energetic than visible light or infrared waves.

1. Ultraviolet rays and microwaves

2. Gamma rays and X-rays

3. Radio waves and infrared waves

4. Visible light and ultraviolet rays

85. Ionizing radiations can cause atoms to lose electrons or ionize, so-called ionizing_______.

1. Waves

2. Radiation

3. Electromagnetic waves

4. Radiations

86. Most disinfectants are effective against_______.

1. Spores but not vegetative bacteria

2. Both vegetative bacteria and spores

3. Vegetative bacteria but not spores

4. Vegetative bacteria but not spores

87. Hypochlorites for Reasonably clean surfaces 

1. 1000 ppm

2. 500 ppm

3. 200 ppm

4. 100 ppm

88. Example of anionic dye 

1. Eosin,

2. Rose Bengal 

3. Acid fuchsin.

4. All of these 

89. _________ is more frequently used than any other stain in bacteriology. 

1. Methylene blue

2. Iodine

3. EDTA

4. Phynopthelin

90. The organisms that retain the colour of the first dye are called__________. 

1. Gram positive

2. Gram nagative

3. A & B both

4. None of these

91. DNA or RNA and ATP synthesis requires ______ 

1. nitrogen and phosphorus

2. Silicon and sulphur

3. Sodium and potassium

4. Manganese and magnesium

92. Bacteria that grow over a pH range of 8.5 to 11.5 are called___________. 

1. alkalinophile

2. acidinophile

3. Neutraliphile 

4. None of these

93. _______ is the ratio of the vapour pressure of air in equilibrium with a substance or a solution (P soln) to that of pure water (P water) at the same temperature.

1. Water activity

2. Soil activity

3. Water pollution ration

4. None of these 

94. The time required for a cell to divide is called the _______

1. generation time 

2. doubling time

3. A & B both

4. None of these

 

95. culture tube is inoculated with one bacterium that divides every ___ minutes. 

1. 20

2. 40

3. 60

96. _________ is composed of cells which are at the same stage of cell cycle. 

1. Synchronous culture

2. Asynchronous culture

3. A & B both

4. None of these 

97. Yeast extract is a good source of ___________.

1.  B vitamins

2. Carbon 

3. Nitrogen compounds

4. All of these

98. To produce energy from glucose, microorganisms use two general processes:______. 

1. respiration 

2. fermentation

3. electron transport chain.

4. None of these

99. Glycolysis is also called the______.

1. Embden-Meyerhof path-way

2. Dark cycle

3. Watson pathway

4. Johnson pathway 

100. A cell that is able to take up a molecule of DNA and be transferred is called ______. 

1. competent cell

2. Hyoline cell

3. White blood cells

4. Red blood cells 

101. Plasmids contain only _______as much DNA as in the bacterial chromosome.

1. 1 – 5%

2. 14 – 22%

3.  5 – 10%

4.  1 – 14%

102. microorganism is found within the other organism called _______

1. Endosymbiosis

2. Exdosymbiosis

3. Endomutulism

4. Exdomutulism

103. organism releases a specific compound that harms another organism called ______ 

1. Ammensaliam

2. Mutualism

3. Predation 

4. None of these

104. _______are found in the profundal zone where there are light and H2S but no oxygen.

1. Purple and green sulfur bacteria

2. Yellow bacteria

3. Violet bacteria

4. None of these 

105. The use of microorganisms to remove pollutants is called_________.

1. bioremediation

2. Biomangnification

3. Biotransportation

4. None of these 

106. ammonia is oxidized to nitrite. This is called__________.

1. nitrosofication

2. Amonofication

3. Mangification

4. None of these 

107. __________ is a process in which nitrates are reduced to nitrites and subsequently to gaseous nitrogen.

1. Denitrification

2. Nitrification

3. Suphication

4. None of these

108. the colloidal materials such as clay are removed from water by using flocculant chemicals such as _______. 

1. Aluminium potassium sulphate 

2. Aluminium potassium carbonate 

3. Aluminium potassium nitrate 

4. Aluminium magnesium sulphate

109. ____ is a measure of the biologically degradable organic matter in water. 

1. BOD

2. COD

3. Nitrogen

4. Phosphate 

110. Functionally antibodies have two protein fragments namely________.

1. Fc and Fab fragments

2. Fc and Fb fragments

3. Fs and Fab fragments

4. Fc and Fba fragments