QUIZ 112 - 21/4 ( SOLUTION)
QUIZ 112 - 21/4 ( SOLUTION)
Occurrence of bacteria like a bunch of grapes is found in
Streptococci
Diplococci
Tetrads
Staphylococci
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| source - wikipedia |
Staphylococci are gram-positive bacteria that are commonly found on the skin and in the nasal passages of humans and animals. They are non-motile, non-spore-forming, and facultative anaerobes, which means that they can grow both in the presence and absence of oxygen.
Staphylococci are known for their ability to cause a wide range of infections, ranging from minor skin infections like boils and impetigo to more severe infections like pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. Some strains of staphylococci have become resistant to antibiotics, which can make infections difficult to treat.
Streptococci, on the other hand, are gram-positive bacteria that are arranged in chains. They are also commonly found on the skin and in the upper respiratory tract of humans and animals. Streptococci can cause a range of infections, including strep throat, scarlet fever, pneumonia, and meningitis.
Diplococci are gram-negative bacteria that are arranged in pairs. They include species like Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is the bacteria that causes gonorrhea.
Tetrads are groups of four bacteria that are arranged in a square or cuboidal pattern. They are commonly found in species like Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can cause pneumonia and other respiratory infections.
It's important to note that while these groupings of bacteria can be helpful in identifying and classifying different species, they are not always definitive, and there can be variations in the arrangement of bacteria within a particular species.
Which is not true for gram +ve bacteria?
Retains crystal violet stain
Thick layer of peptidoglycan
Single layer of peptidoglycan
Absence of Teichoic acid
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| source - major differences |
The statement that is not true for gram-positive bacteria is "Absence of Teichoic acid."
Teichoic acids are an important component of the cell wall in gram-positive bacteria. They are long, acidic polymers that are covalently linked to the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. Teichoic acids play an essential role in maintaining the structural integrity of the cell wall and protecting the bacteria from environmental stresses.
Gram-positive bacteria are characterized by having a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall, which helps retain the crystal violet stain during the Gram staining process. In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane that makes them appear pink or red after staining.
Therefore, the correct statement regarding gram-positive bacteria is that they have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, and they retain the crystal violet stain during the Gram staining process, while also containing teichoic acids in their cell wall.
. ……….is called as Sac Fungi
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Deuteromycota
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| source - wikipedia |
Ascomycota is called Sac Fungi.
Ascomycota is a division of fungi that includes a wide variety of species, including yeasts, molds, and truffles. They are called Sac Fungi because they produce a specialized cell called an ascus, which contains spores that are involved in reproduction. The ascus is often referred to as a sac, hence the name Sac Fungi.
Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, and Deuteromycota are also divisions of fungi but are not known as Sac Fungi. Zygomycota is characterized by the formation of zygospores during sexual reproduction. Basidiomycota is characterized by the formation of basidia, which are specialized structures that produce spores. Deuteromycota, also known as fungi imperfecti, is a group of fungi that do not have a known sexual reproductive stage.
It's important to note that the classification of fungi is constantly evolving as new research is conducted, and some species may be reclassified or moved to different groups as more information becomes available.
Process of converting Ammonia to nitrite is called as
Nitrogen fixation
Ammonifcation
Nitrosofication
Nitritification
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| source - wikipedia |
The process of converting ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2-) is called Nitritification.
Nitritification is a two-step process that occurs in the nitrogen cycle, which is the natural process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms in the environment. In the first step of nitritification, bacteria from the genus Nitrosomonas convert ammonia to nitrite through oxidation. In the second step, bacteria from the genus Nitrobacter convert nitrite to nitrate (NO3-) through further oxidation.
Nitrogen fixation, on the other hand, is the process by which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into a usable form, such as ammonia, by certain bacteria, cyanobacteria, and other microorganisms. Ammonification is the process by which organic nitrogen compounds, such as proteins and nucleic acids, are broken down into ammonia by decomposers such as bacteria and fungi.
Therefore, the correct answer is Nitritification, which is the process of converting ammonia to nitrite.
Liquidifying agent in Agar broath is
Agar
Broath
Both
G-Gel
Any Surface to which elevations are refered is known as?
Level line
Bench Mark
Datum
Station
In surveying and engineering, a datum is a reference surface or point from which all elevations are measured. It provides a standard reference for elevations, which allows for accurate measurement and comparison of elevations across different locations.
A benchmark is a fixed point of reference on a surface that is used to establish elevations. A level line is a line on a surface that represents a constant elevation. A station is a specific location or point on a surface that is used for reference or measurement purposes.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is Datum.
If the voids of soil is completely filled with air content such a sample is called as?
Purely dried Sample
Purely Saturated Sample
Moist Smple
None
If the voids of soil are completely filled with air content, such a sample is called a "purely dried sample".
A purely dried sample is a soil sample in which all the void spaces between the soil particles are completely filled with air. This occurs when the soil is thoroughly dried, and all the water is removed from the soil pores. In this condition, the soil has no moisture content and is at its lowest weight.
In contrast, a purely saturated sample is a soil sample in which all the void spaces between the soil particles are completely filled with water, and there is no air present in the sample.
A moist sample, on the other hand, is a soil sample that contains both air and water in its void spaces. The amount of air and water present in a moist sample depends on the moisture content of the soil.
Sewage contains ……% of water?
1%
70%
99%
30%
Sewage is a complex mixture of wastewater and organic matter that is generated from various sources such as residential, commercial, and industrial areas. Sewage is composed mostly of water, typically ranging from 95% to 99% water content. The remaining 1% to 5% is composed of solid and dissolved organic and inorganic matter.
The solid content of sewage includes human and animal waste, food scraps, paper, plastics, and other debris that may have entered the sewer system. The dissolved content of sewage includes a variety of chemicals, including detergents, cleaning agents, pharmaceuticals, and other pollutants.
Sewage is typically treated at wastewater treatment plants to remove the harmful contaminants and pollutants before the water is released into the environment. The treatment process involves several stages, including preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, and disinfection.
In preliminary treatment, large debris such as stones, plastics, and rags are removed from the wastewater to prevent damage to the equipment in the treatment plant. In primary treatment, physical processes such as sedimentation and screening are used to remove suspended solids and organic matter from the wastewater. Secondary treatment uses biological processes to further remove organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus from the wastewater. Finally, the treated wastewater is disinfected with chemicals or ultraviolet light to kill any remaining pathogens before it is discharged into the environment.
In summary, sewage is a complex mixture of wastewater and organic matter that contains a high percentage of water, typically ranging from 95% to 99%. Sewage treatment plants use a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove the harmful contaminants and pollutants from the sewage before it is released into the environment.
Oxidation ponds are used in ……….. stage of sewage treatment?
Preliminary
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
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| source - Net sol water |
Oxidation ponds are used in the secondary stage of sewage treatment.
Sewage treatment typically involves several stages, including preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, and tertiary treatment. The primary treatment stage involves physical processes such as sedimentation and screening to remove suspended solids and organic matter from the wastewater. The secondary treatment stage uses biological processes to further remove organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus from the wastewater.
Oxidation ponds, also known as stabilization ponds or lagoons, are a common method used in the secondary treatment stage of sewage treatment. They are large, shallow basins that use natural processes to treat wastewater. The ponds are typically lined with a impermeable layer to prevent the seepage of water into the ground.
In an oxidation pond, the wastewater is held for an extended period of time, typically several weeks or months, during which it is exposed to sunlight, oxygen, and naturally occurring microorganisms. These microorganisms break down the organic matter in the wastewater through a process called aerobic digestion, which involves the consumption of oxygen. The ponds also facilitate the removal of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus through processes such as nitrification and denitrification.
After treatment in the oxidation ponds, the wastewater is further treated in the tertiary treatment stage to remove any remaining contaminants and pollutants before it is discharged into the environment.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is the secondary stage.
Baluscide is a?
Herbicide
Rodenticide
Molluscicide
Bactericides
Baluscide works by interfering with the nervous system of the snails, leading to paralysis and death. It is a highly effective molluscicide and is considered to be relatively safe for the environment and non-target organisms when used according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Baluscide is a molluscicide.
Molluscicides are chemicals that are used to kill or control populations of mollusks, which include snails and slugs. Baluscide is a molluscicide that is commonly used to control snail populations in bodies of water such as lakes, ponds, and reservoirs.
Other types of pesticides include herbicides, which are used to control or kill unwanted plants, rodenticides, which are used to control rodent populations, and bactericides, which are used to control bacterial populations.
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