QUIZ 110 - 19/4 (solution)
First generation computers used______________
a) Valves
b) Transistors
c) IC’s
d) None
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| source - general note |
First generation computers were developed in the 1940s and 1950s. They were based on vacuum tube technology and used magnetic drums for storage. These computers were large, expensive, and unreliable, but they laid the foundation for the development of modern computers.
The first electronic digital computer, known as ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), was developed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. ENIAC used over 17,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. It could perform simple arithmetic calculations at a speed of about 5,000 operations per second.
Other examples of first-generation computers include the UNIVAC I, the IBM 701, and the Ferranti Mark 1. These computers were used primarily for scientific and military applications, such as calculating ballistics tables, decoding encrypted messages, and simulating nuclear explosions.
Valves, or vacuum tubes, were used in these computers as electronic switches and amplifiers. They were bulky, generated a lot of heat, and were prone to failure. As a result, computers using vacuum tube technology required a lot of maintenance and were not very reliable.
Despite their limitations, first-generation computers were a major breakthrough in the field of computing. They paved the way for the development of smaller, faster, and more reliable computers based on transistor technology, which replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers.
What was the period of second generation?
a) 1955-1964
b) 1965-1974
c) 1975-1982
d) 1946-1954
The second generation of computers emerged in the mid-1950s and lasted until the mid-1960s. These computers were based on transistor technology, which replaced the vacuum tubes used in first-generation computers. Transistors were smaller, faster, and more reliable than vacuum tubes, and they consumed less power.
The first transistorized computer was the IBM 7090, which was introduced in 1959. It was faster and more powerful than its vacuum-tube-based predecessor, the IBM 709. Other examples of second-generation computers include the UNIVAC II, the DEC PDP-1, and the IBM System/360.
Second-generation computers were also characterized by improvements in input/output (I/O) technologies, such as magnetic tape and magnetic disk storage, which provided faster access to data and allowed for larger storage capacities.
These computers were primarily used for scientific and business applications, such as weather forecasting, space exploration, and financial modeling. They were also used for military applications, such as missile guidance systems and codebreaking.
The second generation of computers saw the emergence of programming languages, such as COBOL and FORTRAN, which made it easier for programmers to write and maintain software. It also saw the development of time-sharing systems, which allowed multiple users to share a single computer and interact with it simultaneously.
Overall, the second generation of computers marked a significant improvement over the first generation in terms of speed, reliability, and functionality. However, they were still relatively expensive and large, and they required specialized skills to operate and maintain.
Floppy disc is ______________
a) Input device
b) Output device
c) Input/output device
d) None
A floppy disk is a type of storage device that can be used for both input and output purposes, making it an input/output device.
As an input device, a floppy disk can be used to transfer data from the disk to a computer's memory. This is typically done by inserting the floppy disk into a disk drive, which reads the data from the disk and transfers it to the computer's memory.
As an output device, a floppy disk can be used to transfer data from the computer's memory to the disk. This is typically done by writing the data to the floppy disk using a disk drive. The data can then be stored on the disk for future use or transported to another computer.
Floppy disks were widely used in the 1980s and 1990s as a portable and convenient means of storing and transferring data. They were commonly used to distribute software, share files between computers, and back up important data.
Today, floppy disks have largely been replaced by other forms of storage media, such as USB flash drives and cloud storage services. However, they remain a part of computing history and are still used in certain specialized applications, such as some industrial control systems and medical equipment.
Abbreviate URL
a) Unit resource locator
b) Unit resource level
c) Uniform revenue layout
d) Uniform resource locator
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a web address that identifies a specific resource on the internet. It is a standardized way of specifying the location of a webpage or other online content, and it is composed of several parts.
The basic format of a URL is as follows:
protocol://hostname:port/path?query
The protocol specifies the type of communication used to access the resource, such as HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, or SSH. The hostname is the name of the server hosting the resource, and the port is the number used to identify the specific application or service being accessed. The path specifies the location of the resource on the server, and the query contains additional parameters or data to be sent to the server.
For example, the URL "https://www.example.com/index.html" specifies that the resource is a webpage (index.html) located on the server at the domain name "example.com", and that it should be accessed using the HTTPS protocol.
URLs are used to link web pages and other online resources, and they are often included in hyperlinks or typed directly into a web browser's address bar. They are also used in web development to specify the location of images, scripts, stylesheets, and other resources needed to display a webpage correctly.
In summary, a URL is a standardized way of specifying the location of a resource on the internet, and it is composed of several parts that identify the protocol, hostname, port, path, and query associated with the resource.
Collecting the data and converting it into information is called as-
a) Exporting
b) Importing
c) Processing
d) Compiling
The simultaneous processing of two or more programs by multiple processors is
a) Multiprogramming
b) Multitasking
c) Time-sharing
d)Multiprocessing
Multiprocessing is the simultaneous processing of two or more programs by multiple processors, which can be multiple physical CPUs (central processing units) or multiple cores within a single CPU.
In a multiprocessing system, each processor works independently and can execute its own instructions and access its own memory. The processors may communicate with each other and share resources, such as input/output devices and memory, to complete tasks more efficiently.
Multiprocessing can improve performance and increase throughput by allowing multiple programs to execute at the same time. This can be especially useful for applications that require a lot of computational power, such as scientific simulations or data analysis.
One type of multiprocessing is symmetric multiprocessing (SMP), in which all processors are treated as equals and have access to the same resources. Another type is asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP), in which one processor is designated as the primary processor and controls the allocation of resources to other processors.
Multiprocessing is used in a variety of applications, including scientific computing, data processing, and high-performance computing. It can also be used in desktop and server operating systems to improve multitasking and overall system performance.
In summary, multiprocessing is the simultaneous processing of two or more programs by multiple processors, allowing for faster and more efficient execution of tasks. It is used in a variety of applications and can improve performance and throughput.
When you turn on the computer, the boot routine will perform the test
a) RAM Test
b) Disk drive test
c) Memory test
d) Power on self
When you turn on a computer, the power-on self-test (POST) is the first routine that the computer's firmware (basic input/output system, or BIOS) performs to check the hardware components and ensure that they are working properly.
The POST is a series of diagnostic tests that check the CPU (central processing unit), RAM (random access memory), BIOS, and other hardware components, such as the keyboard, mouse, hard drive, and disk drives. The purpose of the POST is to detect any hardware problems and report them to the user.
During the POST, the computer's firmware checks the RAM by performing a memory test to verify that all of the memory chips are working properly. If the memory test detects any errors, the BIOS will halt the boot process and display an error message indicating the problem.
The disk drive test is another part of the POST that checks the disk drives to ensure that they are working properly and can be accessed by the computer's operating system. The BIOS checks the disk drives for errors and reads the boot sector of the disk to determine which operating system to load.
After completing the POST, the BIOS hands over control to the operating system, which continues the boot process and loads the necessary drivers and software.
In summary, the power-on self-test (POST) is a diagnostic routine that the computer's firmware performs when the computer is turned on. It checks the hardware components, including the RAM and disk drives, to detect any errors and report them to the user.
For creating a document, you use command at File Menu.
a) Open
b) Close
c) New
d) Save
The "New" command in the File menu is used to create a new document or file in an application. When you select "New", a dialog box may appear asking you to select a document type, template, or file format. Once you select the desired options, the application will create a new document that you can work on.
For example, in a word processing application, you might select "New" to create a new blank document, or you might choose to create a new document based on a template, such as a letterhead or resume template. In a graphics application, you might use the "New" command to create a new image or drawing.
In some applications, the "New" command may be represented by an icon, such as a blank sheet of paper. You may also be able to create a new document using a keyboard shortcut, such as Ctrl+N on Windows or Command+N on a Mac.
After you create a new document using the "New" command, you can then save the document using the "Save" or "Save As" command. This allows you to name the file and select a location on your computer where it will be saved.
In summary, the "New" command in the File menu is used to create a new document or file in an application. It allows you to select the type of document or template you want to use, and then create a new file that you can work on.
These servers store & manages files for network users
a) Main
b) Authentication
c) Web
d) File
Ethernet uses
a) Bus topology
b) Ring topology
c) Mesh topology
d) All
Ethernet is a popular technology used for local area networks (LANs) that connects computers and devices together in a network. It uses a bus topology to transmit data between devices.
In a bus topology, all devices on the network are connected to a single cable, called the bus or backbone. Data is transmitted between devices by sending packets of information onto the cable. Each device checks to see if the packet is addressed to it and if it is, the device accepts the packet and processes it.
Ethernet uses a protocol called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) to manage access to the network. With CSMA/CD, each device listens for activity on the network before transmitting data. If two devices transmit data at the same time, a collision occurs, and both devices stop transmitting. They then wait for a random amount of time before trying to transmit again.
Ethernet has evolved over time to support higher speeds and different network topologies, including star and mesh topologies. However, the original Ethernet specification used a bus topology, which is still used today in some network environments.
In summary, Ethernet uses a bus topology to transmit data between devices on a local area network (LAN). Each device is connected to a single cable, and data is transmitted by sending packets of information onto the cable. Ethernet uses a protocol called CSMA/CD to manage access to the network and avoid collisions.
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