QUIZ 108 - 17/4 solution
QUIZ 108 - 17/4 (solution)
- World’s Smallest fish is :
(a) a
cyprinid
(b) a goby
(c) a catfish
(d) a perch
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| source - wikipedia |
While there are many small fish species in the world, the title for the world's smallest fish is currently held by the Paedocypris fish, a member of the carp family found in the swamps of Indonesia. Adult Paedocypris fish typically measure just 7.9 to 10.3 millimeters (0.3 to 0.4 inches) in length, making them smaller than some species of goby, which can range in size from a few centimeters to several inches. However, it's worth noting that there are many different types of gobies, and some species may be smaller than the Paedocypris fish, while others are larger.
- The Antarctic Fish which can live at -1.90C, belongs to Genus :
(a) Pandaka
(b) Trematomus
(c) Gambusia
(d) Poecillia
 |
| source - fishbase |
Trematomus is a genus of fish that is found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. These fish are commonly known as icefish, due to their pale coloration and lack of hemoglobin in their blood, which makes them appear transparent. Trematomus species have adapted to the extreme cold of their environment in several ways, including having antifreeze proteins in their blood, which prevents their body fluids from freezing in the frigid waters.
Icefish are an important part of the Antarctic ecosystem, and they serve as a food source for many other animals, including seals, whales, and penguins. Some species of Trematomus are also fished commercially, particularly the Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni), which is prized for its white, flaky meat. However, overfishing of these species can have negative impacts on the local ecosystem, and there are efforts underway to ensure that fishing in the Southern Ocean is sustainable.
- In Actinopterygians the Jaw suspension, is :
(a) Hyostylic type
(b) Holostylic
type
(c) Amphistylic
type
(d) Craniostylic type
In Actinopterygians (a class of fish that includes ray-finned fish), the jaw suspension is typically of the "hyostylic" type. This means that the jaws are connected to the skull via a "hyomandibula" bone, which is located at the back of the skull and extends down to the jaw. The hyomandibula serves as a lever to allow the fish to open and close its jaws, and also helps to transmit vibrations from the fish's swim bladder to its inner ear, which is important for maintaining balance and orientation in the water.
The hyostylic jaw suspension is one of several types of jaw suspension that are found in fish. Other types include the "amphistylic" jaw suspension found in sharks, where the jaw is connected to the skull via a pair of cartilaginous rods, and the "autostylic" jaw suspension found in primitive fish such as lampreys, where the jaw is directly attached to the skull.
- Each branchial arch is provided with one or double row of spine -
like ossifications, called :
(a) Scutes
(b) Gill
- Filaments
(c) Gill-Scutes
(d) Gill-Rakers
 |
| source - fishbase glossary |
Each branchial arch in fish is provided with one or double row of spine-like ossifications called "gill rakers". Gill rakers are bony or cartilaginous projections that extend from the branchial arches into the pharynx, where they help to filter food particles from the water as it passes through the gills. The shape and arrangement of gill rakers can vary between different fish species, depending on the types of food they eat and their feeding habits.
Some fish species have longer, more slender gill rakers that are better suited for filtering out small planktonic organisms, while others have shorter, sturdier gill rakers that are better adapted for catching larger prey. The number and size of gill rakers can also vary between different branchial arches in the same fish species, reflecting the different roles that each arch plays in respiration and feeding.
- In Actinopterygians, the Pelvic Girdle is reduced to a large flat
triangular ‘Pelvic Bone’ called :
(a) Cleithrum
(b) Supra
– Cleithrum
(c) Basipterygium
(d) Meso Coracoid
 |
| source- fauna fondness |
However, it's worth noting that not all Actinopterygian fish have a reduced pelvic girdle. Some species, particularly those that live in benthic environments or have more specialized modes of swimming, have a more complex pelvic girdle with multiple bones and articulations. The morphology of the pelvic girdle can also vary greatly between different fish groups, reflecting the diverse adaptations and lifestyles of these animals.
- The shipworm Teredo is a
(a) Cephalopod
(b) Gastropod
(c) Scaphopod
(d) Bivalve
 |
| source- water wereld |
The shipworm Teredo is a type of marine bivalve mollusk. Despite its name, the shipworm is not a worm, but rather a type of clam that has a long, narrow, worm-like body that allows it to burrow into wood, including ships and docks. The shipworm is capable of digesting the cellulose in wood, which makes it a notorious pest of wooden structures in marine environments.
Shipworms have a long and interesting evolutionary history, and they are believed to have been present in the world's oceans for over 100 million years. They have adapted to their specialized lifestyle by developing a symbiotic relationship with certain types of bacteria that help them to digest wood. While shipworms are generally considered to be a nuisance due to their ability to damage wooden structures, they are also an important part of the marine ecosystem, providing food for many other marine animals such as crabs and fish.
- The total number of appendages present in shrimp is _____
(a) 15
(b) 10
(c) 5
(d) 19
Typically there is one pair of appendages in each segment of the body. The prawn carries, in all, nineteen pairs of appendages of which the first five are cephalic, the following eight are thoracic, and the remaining six are abdominal.
- Mussel attach to the hard substrate by means of ______
(a) cement
gland
(b) byssus thread
(c) labial palp
(d) foot
 |
| source - NPR |
Mussels attach themselves to hard substrates, such as rocks or other mussels, using byssal threads. Byssal threads are strong, elastic, and adhesive fibers that are secreted by a gland located in the mussel's foot. The mussel extends its foot and attaches it to the substrate, then secretes a bundle of byssal threads that anchor it in place. Mussels can produce a large number of byssal threads, which allows them to attach themselves securely to the substrate and resist the forces of waves and currents. The composition and structure of byssal threads can vary between different mussel species, reflecting their adaptations to different environments and substrate types.
- Pleura of second abdominal segment overlapping those of first and third segment in
(a) Penacids
(b) Aristeids
(c) Palaenomids
(d) None of the above
 |
Palaemonids are a family of freshwater and marine shrimp, and they belong to the order Decapoda, which is a group of crustaceans that includes shrimps, crabs, lobsters, and crayfish.
In Palaemonid shrimps, the pleura of the second abdominal segment overlap those of the first and third segments, which allows for greater flexibility and movement of the abdomen. This feature is known as pleural fusion, and it is a common adaptation in decapod crustaceans that facilitates the coordinated movement of the various segments of the abdomen during swimming and other activities.
The pleura are also involved in the attachment of muscles that move the abdominal segments, and the specific arrangements and structures of the pleura can vary between different shrimp species, reflecting their adaptations to different environments and lifestyles.
- Crabs are coming under the Infra order
(a) Macrura
(b) Octopi
(c) Brachyura
(d) None of the above
crabs belong to the infraorder Brachyura, which is a group of decapod crustaceans that are characterized by their flattened bodies and specialized front pair of legs, which are modified into claws called chelae. Brachyura crabs include many familiar species such as blue crabs, Dungeness crabs, and fiddler crabs, as well as many other species that inhabit marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments around the world.
The other infraorder of decapod crustaceans is Anomura, which includes hermit crabs, porcelain crabs, and squat lobsters, among others. Anomurans are characterized by their asymmetric abdomens and typically have a reduced or absent front pair of legs modified into chelae.
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